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Memo 21: Amid growing fears of Turkey moving away from the West, atlantic-community.org presents the findings from its special analysis week on Turkey. Members agree that Turkey’s foreign policy should not be misinterpreted as a shift East and call upon the US and the EU to start embracing Turkey’s growing influence.
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C. Fahrholz & A. Kern: Greece’s stated intent of selling treasury bonds solely to foreign investors, as a means to push through fiscal reforms, could result in a full-blown drama, at the expense of European taxpayers. Greece is taking this bet, under the assumption that the IMF and the Euro area will come to its rescue.
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Olaf Theiler: The EU should draw on NATO’s Partnership for Peace Program, as an example of a successful framework to be adopted for aspiring member states in the Balkans. If implemented as part of an extended offer, this framework could link ESDP with Neighborhood Policy, thereby creating incentives for cooperation.
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André Budick: The EU is often criticized for its apparent deficit in formulating a coherent foreign and security policy. Yet, that ‘deficit’ really lies at the heart of the EU’s identity as a transnational entity, outside the norms of conventional thinking on International Relations.
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Mensur Akgün: Recent media reports on Turkey’s alleged foreign policy fail to acknowledge major positive achievements on behalf of the AKP government, notably Ankara’s attempts at reconciliation with its neighbors. Western pundits should ask themselves what this “western identity” that Turkey is supposedly moving away from, really is.
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Ghassan Dahhan: Europe should be alerted by Turkey’s foreign policy shift and start treating Turkey as a respected ally, by offering Turkey real EU membership prospects. Turkey is of major strategic importance to Europe and it is up to the politicians of EU member states to alter public opinion.
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Camille Grand: France’s return to full military membership of NATO inevitably raised fears that the first casualty might be the European defense project. But far from weakening ESDP, President Sarkozy’s move intends to strengthen it while at the same time hastening NATO’s reform.
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Fabian Krohn: Existing concepts commonly used to define power relations, notably military, civilian and normative influence, individually fall short in describing the European Union. The EU is developing into a ‘Quiet Superpower’, a term coined by Andrew Moravcsik, that captures the essence of the unique entity that is the EU.
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Marek Swierczynski: As the US signals a reluctance to build the missile defense project, tensions with Russia develop and the deployment of troops in Afghanistan loses public support, Poland’s international standing continues to fall. With Jerzy Buzek at the helm of the EU Parliament and the upcoming presidency going to Poland, Warsaw must now turn to Europe ahead of its Atlantic focus.
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Rudi Guraziu: The EU seems to have made its political decision as far as visa liberalization for the West Balkans is concerned. However, by excluding the two nations who have suffered the most during the conflict it risks stability in the region.
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Jan Techau: Drafting a new strategic concept for NATO provides a great chance for Europeans to get real about what it means to be allies and stop the great threat to the continent’s defense - the decoupling of the transatlantic alliance. But this means more and smarter spending on defense and most certainly more casualties.
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Luca Ratti: Expansion of NATO membership into Eastern Europe has provoked Russia. NATO must attempt constructive dialogue with Russia to solve this problem. The future and continued success of NATO will depend on either including Russia, or ceasing its open membership policy.
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Rudi Guraziu: With the lowest ever turnout in European Union elections, the future of the Union has seriously been put in doubt. Conservative victories have caused major concern in membership hopeful, Turkey. If Europe fails to speak as one, its global economic and political influence could be jeopardized.
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Editorial Team: Experts from Europe and the US polled by Atlantic-Community.org believe that despite current tensions, Russia and the West have more common than diverging interests. But decades of mistrust have clouded the Russian mindset, and Moscow can’t yet see all that they have in common with the West.
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Heiko Pääbo: Changing perceptions of the world order have influenced NATO’s open door policy. Russia believes that relations with NATO should be based on mutual respect and is reluctant to see the Alliance as a partner. NATO must maintain its shared values and consider Russia’s interests for a successful partnership.
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Prosper Thuysbaert: NATO requires assistance in order to facilitate democracy and peace across the world. The United Nations Security Council needs to be reformed and made more globally representative, and smaller regional organizations need to be set up and work alongside NATO to assist failing states.
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Rudi Guraziu: The EU ought to play a greater role in global governance. But in order to achieve that it needs to devise functional institutions for global governance – in effect getting everyone ‘singing from the same hymn sheet’
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Janusz Bugajski: Russia’s priority will be to reinforce its national interests and exert influence over the foreign and security policies of disparate states in an attempt to distract from their domestic problems. This increases the importance for NATO and its allies to work not only with Russia, but also its border countries.
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Jeffrey Mankoff: The success of attempts to build a strategic partnership will laregly rest with Russia. Not doing so should not be considered a failure as the positions of both sides would become clearer. Russia has the most to lose from not building a relationship, the West can bide its time.
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Karsten Voigt: The transatlantic Alliance enters a modern era with different global challenges requiring new and innovative approaches. NATO must reassess its geopolitical position in addressing these issues and, if necessary, adapt accordingly.
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Editorial Team: Somali pirates seized six vessels within the last week. With yesterday’s capture of the US cargo ship, whose captain is still being held for ransom, the piracy problem arrested global attention again. Questions arise about how to tackle piracy, and we want to ask you, our readers, about solutions.
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Matthias Stephan Fifka: Recent comments made by Mirek Topolanek concerning the US approach to the global economic downturn have cast a shadow ahead of the G20 meeting in London. Finding solutions to the current crisis will not be easy, and Topolanek’s remarks may make future agreements even harder to acheive.
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Rudi Guraziu: The debate between realists and liberals outlines the importance of public opinion in foreign policy making. However, its impact remains limited.
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Colette Grace Mazzucelli: The Mumbai attacks have been described as India’s 9/11, but this analogy is not accurate. Terrorism is one dimension of a larger challenge that India must now confront: the erosion of the pluralist and secular traditions of the country’s founders.
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Pawel Jan Olszewski: Serbia has announced its intention to become part of the EU family. This is a positive sign for stability and peace in the region as the country would be forced to fulfill the required EU integration criteria. However, the journey is long and not devoid of challenges.
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Jacob Comenetz: The key to a future of successful global governance is to embrace the trends towards regionalization and transgovernmentalism, and work constructively to support and develop the evolution of structures corresponding to these paradigms.
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Markus Drake: Europe has spent the time since it was split into “old” and “new” Europe avoiding engagement with Iraq, ignoring its large interests in the country and in the region. This, according to a new publication by the Heinrich Böll Foundation, must change. For reasons of moral obligation, if nothing else.
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Jens F. Laurson & George A. Pieler: In light of the recent gas crisis, the need for a common European energy policy has risen to the top of the EU agenda. The prompt building of the Nabucco pipeline as well as diversification of resources should be incorporated to assure independence from the Kremlin.
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Memo 10: In this new era under the Obama White House, it is high time for a transformation of transatlantic relations. The US must distance itself from the unipolar policies of the past and come to terms with a multipolar world. The EU has to develop more proactive policies.
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Assem Akram: It is time for strategy overhaul in Afghanistan. The size of the Afghan army must be dramatically increased; foreign troops should lock down borders; Pakistan must become a partner in providing solutions in Afghanistan; and the Afghan government needs top-to-bottom reform. Progress can only come with security.
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Marek Swierczynski: The EU proved to be indispensable in taming the recent gas dispute between Russia and Ukraine. However, it still lacks the means to stabilize crucial energy supplies and oversee political cohesion to protect its most vulnerable members.
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Maie-Brit Rüter: As the financial crisis threatens to also become an economic one, the recent Carlo Schmid Network conference left its most lasting impressions on topics addressing the crisis and possible remedial action. The conclusions: the international economic order is in urgent need of revision. Nevertheless, existing institutions should not be thrown out with the bathwater.
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Editorial Team: The escalation of pirate attacks off the coast of Somalia has brought about widespread discussion as to how to deal with this increasingly prevalent problem. We are inviting you to tell us what you think is the most viable way forward through our interactive poll.
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Stanley R. Sloan: The hegemonic behavior of the Bush administration during its first term almost led to the end of the transatlantic partnership. The US will not be able to face the challenges of this century without its allies and NATO. A closely coordinated US-EU-NATO cooperation is essential to attain shared interests.
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Matthew Yglesias: US relationships with EU countries have been marred not only by our disastrous military engagements but also by a lack of actual diplomacy from the Bush administration. A return to the hallmarks of a liberal society coupled with the simple measure of common courtesy would go a long way.
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Interview with John C. Kornblum: The former US ambassador to Germany outlines the role of states, institutions and high-level political leaders in the transatlantic relationship at a conference hosted in Berlin by the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies (AICGS).
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Christian Mölling: International organizations aim to overcome inefficiencies in complex crisis management by adopting “comprehensive approaches”. However, the implementation is affected by diverging security cultures and the particular interests of the member states.
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Interview with Lotte Leicht: The director of Human Rights Watch in Brussels says that the EU must fulfill its role in upholding human rights. But before it can credibly promote human rights throughout the world, the EU must first hold its allies accountable for human rights violations, particularly the US.
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Daniel Korski: EU engagement in Afghanistan will affect Washington’s perception of its strategic partnership. The best way for the EU to stay a strong partner is to extend the aid-and-security approach of its Provincial Reconstruction Teams and take the concept to Kabul. Diplomacy with Pakistan will remain important.
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Jens F. Laurson & George A. Pieler: The first dangerous results from governmental overreaction to the financial crisis are beginning to show. Bailout bills have counterproductive effects as political pressure is even brought on institutions that do not need the governmental help. Following protectionist approaches could lead to a harmful and tragic economic outcome.
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Memo 9: Afghanistan needs a continued international commitment to ensure its security and assist in economic and social development. The US, EU and Germany must focus on training local authorities. Cooperating with Iran and the Taliban remains a point of debate.
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Jens F. Laurson & George A. Pieler: The economic crisis has brought harmony to trans-Atlantic affairs. Europeans might secretly blame the calamity on US “Casino Capitalism,” but they know they are rowing in the same boat and so cooperation is the order of the day. The stock markets treat this as good news now, but it could easily do more harm than good.
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David Neil Lebhar: Ahmed Rashid argues that the conflict in Afghanistan needs a regional solution, including US-Iranian cooperation. The German military must intensify operations in northern Afghanistan, and the government has to educate the public about the mission’s importance.
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Mark Brzezinski: It is unlikely that there is a Kremlin “master plan” guiding Russia’s actions toward her neighbors - her actions are driven variably by ambition and nostalgia, confusion or misinterpretation, irritation or resentment. The West’s goal should be to make Russia understand that working together with the US and EU will make it more prosperous, secure and free.
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Francisco J. Ruiz: It is time to examine relations between Russia, the US, and the EU. With emerging global threats, there are areas in which these three can cooperate in defense and security. All three actors must change their policies enabling more collaboration on these issues.
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Thorsten Benner & Lars Zimmermann: Germany lacks an informed and responsible debate on the country’s engagement in Afghanistan. The looming populism of the 2009 election year is set to make matters even worse. Politicians and the media must prevent this from happening.
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From the Editorial Team: The current financial crisis has sent economists, politicians, and citizens alike scrambling to find solutions. In the US and Europe, expert opinion is divided on how to revamp the economy. How should the United States, the EU, the private sector, and others respond to this international situation?
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Memo 8: Atlantic Community members conclude that the EU, acting in coordination with the UN, is in the best position to negotiate a peaceful solution. The US, Russia, Georgia, NATO, and others must consider their future strategies carefully.
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Atlantik-Brücke’s Young Leaders: The Atlantic partners must jointly address the economic slowdown, competition over scarce resources and energy dependence. Moreover, the transatlantic relationship faces an immediate, critical test in Afghanistan. Success there is needed as a demonstration of our ability to effectively address common security threats.
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Oreste Foppiani: Italian Prime Minister Berlusconi is changing Mediterranean politics, bringing new importance to Italy’s role in the EU as well as its role in the world. This could bring great changes to the plans of the European Armed Forces and global security issues.
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Anna Wojnilko: Institutions for global governance must become more balanced; the United States and the European Union cannot continue to carry the onus of global decision-making on their own. The emerging economic powers must be given more say in multilateral organizations and also take on more international responsibility.
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Colette Grace Mazzucelli: The US, acting in coordination with the EU, should address the crisis in Georgia with a strong humanitarian effort and a firm, yet non-isolating, stance toward Russia. As foreign policy concerns are compounded by domestic challenges, the next US administration must prudently tackle economic problems and re-define America’s role in world affairs.
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Leah McFarland: The EU is competing with other countries for Turkey as an energy transit hub. Giving Turkey membership in the EU would not only enhance the economic and political stability of the country, but would also ensure a much needed energy infrastructure for the EU.
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Michaele Schreyer and Ralf Fuecks: Current energy crisis poses a significant threat to international economic and political stability. The current make-up of the EU is ill-equipped to deal with this challenge. The Union urgently needs an institutional reform: a European Community for Renewable Energy which would transform its economy into an energy-efficient system.
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Daniel Fiott: Any revision of the European Security Strategy later this year should aim to deal with the security threats posed by climate change, energy security, human security, cyber crime and the incoherence of the European Union’s military capabilities.
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Wolfgang Ischinger: The transatlantic relationship will benefit from a kind of renaissance when the next US president is elected. Rather than sitting on the sidelines and waiting for US demands, Europe should actively develop strategic initiatives and explain European priorities to the US.
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Stephanie von Hayek: Although the Lisbon Treaty is a step forward for a Europe of the citizens, the Irish said no. And it is understandable they did. There is a lack of transparency and political dialogue within the EU which needs to be filled in by politicians on all levels.
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Heinrich Bonnenberg: To Russia, its current western border is a border that stands for loss and dishonor. This border is an open, bleeding wound on the Russian body. The security pact that the Russian president recently presented in Berlin could be helpful in overcoming historical grievances and bringing Western Europe and Russia closer together.
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Marek Swierczynski: One crisis is rapidly spiralling to another. The Irish “No” to the Lisbon Treaty spoiled the mood among the EU big players so much that they’ve threatened to halt enlargement plans. And it is not Ireland, they’re threatening but Eastern European new member states.
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Marek Swierczynski: The farewell trip of the 43rd US president shows who and what really matters for America in Europe. George Bush visits America’s traditional allies and friends but emphasizes the role of the EU as the main transatlantic link and one that may play an important role during the next presidency.
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C. Deblock & M. Rioux: Canadians want to develop closer economic ties with Europe in order to reduce their dependence on the United States. However this new “European” policy is motivated by the wrong reasons and political and structural differences could prove insurmountable.
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Marek Swierczynski: Now the Lisbon Treaty is almost over and done with, the EU is encouraged to look south- and eastwards. Initiatives by France and a Polish-Swedish team aim at creating buffer-spaces between the EU and unstable regions, but could create tensions that challenge the bloc’s unity.
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Peter van Ham: NATO is slowly losing its significance as the central platform to manage transatlantic security challenges. In view of the different reasons for the Alliance’s declining relevance, its resilience, rather than its demise should surprise us.
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Samantha Ferrell: Combating Human Trafficking requires systematic worldwide action. In a rapidly globalizing world, organized crime groups are operating transnationally. Unless there is an increased effort on the part of international agencies, the US, and the EU, to coordinate efforts, human trafficking will only continue to expand.
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Marek Swierczynski: Greece and Russia signed an agreement to build the southern branch of the South Stream natural gas pipeline. President Putin’s last victory hardens Gazprom’s grip on Europe and makes any energy diversification projects more difficult. Unless the EU looks at the map and acts.
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Marek Swierczynski: After a political upheaval and embarassment for President Kaczyński, Polish Parliament passed the bill to ratify the Treaty of Lisbon. The victory of the pro-EU lobby backed by overwhelming public support should not be overestimated as the debate did not touch the real issues behind Lisbon.
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Ambassador Victoria Nuland: “Europe needs, the United States needs, NATO needs, the democratic world needs – a stronger, more capable European defense capacity.”
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Marek Swierczynski: Poland’s decision to join the “coalition of the willing” has left the military stretched beyond capacity, the society in serious mistrust of their leaders and perception of a joint effort for a good cause seriously damaged. It took 25 lives 5 years and 3 governments to rethink and withdraw.
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Parag Khanna: The new world order won’t include American hegemony. “Second world” nations will be the geopolitical battlefield, as the US fights for a balance with China and the EU.
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Daniel Rackowski: As many Europeans ponder about the putative blessings of the post-Bush era, it is only opportune to ask how the at-times strained transatlantic relationship might evolve in the future.
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Christine Otsver: Political disengagement and a weak economy endanger democracy in Ukraine.
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Viktor Friedmann: This paper provides a summary of a V4 conference with young researchers which identified the type of information which could be transferred from the Visegrad civil sector to the neighboring countries who would also like to be members of the EU.
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Leon Hadar: The EU should put its money where its mouth is and work towards inviting both Israel and Palestine to join the EU. With the election of a new US president, Europe could gain more control in the Middle East, but only if it simultaneously accepts more responsibility.
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Benjamin Lucas Schoo: Vote now on what prominent security related issue the governments on both sides of the Atlantic should focus their attention on! We have identified 4 major tasks for 2008 and ask you to select which of these should be at the top of the transatlantic agenda. You can vote now on the right side.
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Michèle Schmiegelow: Asia’s integration has advanced considerably. Europe could benefit from Asia’s strategic pragmatism.
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Ruby Gropas: Through an examination of the hopes and expectations surrounding Western Balkan EU accession, Dr. Gropas concludes that without the will to accede — on everyone’s part — the Western Balkans won’t have the capacity to do so.
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Elizabeth Pond: The EU and the UN can build on recent progress to resolve the last unfinished business from the 1990s’ Balkan wars. There is still a long way to go, though, to bring Kosovo under EU supervision and persuade Serbia to opt for a European future.
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Jan Techau: Europe’s role is changing. The dream of a European superstate is redundant. Instead, Europe should be looking beyond its borders.
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Christine Otsver: Labor mobility in the EU-25 is shamefully low. One of the EU’s core concepts is freedom of movement, but getting more workers to resettle will take some radical rethinking.
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Oleksandr Chalyi: I call for an enhanced bilateral agreement between the EU and Ukraine with integration and association as its ultimate goal. Yuschenko’s New Realism must aim to meet the Copenhagen criteria within ten years, unilaterally if necessary.
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Memo 1: Members of the Atlantic Community commented on the appropriate role for the EU in Afghanistan.
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Global Must Read Articles
The planned expansion of the Afghan police force from 80,000 to 160,000 officers will make infiltration by Taliban insurgents easier. ++ Recent reports note that the Afghan police force is still suffering from weak leadership, incompetence and a lack of motivation. ++ After 7 years of reform and investments worth over 6 billion dollars, only 7 percent of the police forces are able to operate
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The final selection of Herman Van Rompuy and Baroness Catherine Ashton in the two major EU positions created by the Lisbon Treaty couldn’t be blander. ++ The need to please everyone has again stunted Europe’s standing and led to appointments of compromise. ++ Angela Merkel and Nicholas Sarkozy were said to favour the “lightweight” Van Rompuy for fears that a high profile candidate
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The celebrations to mark the fall of the Berlin wall were faultless but talk soon turned to who should take up the high positions created by the Lisbon Treaty. ++ “Personalities matter [as we have] the possibility of creating a Europe that acts more as one.” ++ A unified foreign policy is vital to help to destroy the global poverty divide and to keep pace with the rise of China and
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From arms reduction to Afghanistan to Iran, it is in Washington’s best interest to ensure cooperation with Moscow on a wide range of issues. Policy-makers in Washington now have to choose between different options for dealing with Moscow: rely on either the EU or on Germany as a focal point for dealing with the Russians, or conduct relations bilaterally.
Washington, however, is unlikely to
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The vagueness surrounding the position of President of the European Council risks putting “far too much authority into the hand of one individual.” ++ The President should be someone able to focus on details, and broker deals which can establish a consensus. ++ Tony Blair is known for looking at the big picture and his willingness to divide opinion to go in his chosen direction. ++ The EU should
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According to established financial and economic theories, the three “Baltic tigers” were the ones who got everything right, prior to the international financial crisis. Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania kept their state sectors small, promoted privatization, and pegged their currencies to the Euro. They reformed their tax and social security and joined the European Union in 2004. Their overall goal
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Reactions by Moscow and Tbilisi to the EU report on the Russian-Georgian War demonstrate how tense the situation in the Caucasus remains. The report blamed the war on the Georgians, who opened hostilities against the South Ossetians. However, it also criticized Russia for using inappropriate force in response to Georgian provocations. What the report failed to mention was that the repercussions
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Despite the 67% Irish yes vote for the Lisbon Treaty, major hurdles lie ahead. ++ “A ‘No’ would not only have been the end of the Lisbon Treaty, but the end of any major EU Reforms [but] economic uncertainty helped persuade many voters that Europe offers a safe haven.” ++ However, the Czech Republic is yet to fully embrace the document pending a court judgement and if ratification
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Jose Manuel Barroso has been given a second 5 year term as President of the European Commission despite becoming increasingly unpopular with EU leaders. ++ Various senior parliament members have described Barroso as lacking “courage and vision” and being simply “not electable.” ++ This suits Paris, Berlin and London who are quite happy with a “harmless figurehead” who will not disrupt their
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This summer will mark 50 years since Turkey first asked to join the EU, a feat it still cannot achieve. ++ Despite this “Turkey’s leaders say they remain committed to their bid, however long it takes” even though public support is quickly falling away. ++ The EU should make an earnest commitment to Turkey joining eventually as not to continue to undermine the complex reform process
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Whatever the result of Germany’s election this month the time has come for a new Franco-German partnership to lead Europe. ++ Having scrapped the ‘Group of Six’ idea Paris and Berlin are the only truly compatible partners in Europe despite difference on how to resolve the financial crisis. ++ “With the return of France to NATO’s integrated military structure, the two
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Europe survives the worst crisis of the last 50 years to bounce back stronger. ++ Renewed solidarity between EU members limited protectionism and encouraged interdependence as shown by the bailout of Latvia. ++ Lisbon Treaty cause is strengthened by united response from members. ++ Euro is now a possibility for Denmark, Sweden & Switzerland with membership offering protection from a future
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Tony Blair and José Manuel Barroso are popular and capable politicians, but as the Presidents of the European Council and the European Commission they would be a deadly combination. ++ Mr. Blair’s “political star qualities” will not be enough to succeed in the tough new job of coordinating the 27 heads of state. ++ The two do not represent the diversity of Europe opinion, since they both
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Foreign policy, European integration and environmental policy are subjects of predilection for Sascha Müller-Kraenner and questions on which he has extensively published in the past. He previously worked for the Heinrich Böll Foundation as director for Europe/North America, head of the program on foreign and security policy, and founding director for the North American office in
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Eventually, Europe and the US must be seen as two gravely different societies. ++ America shouldn’t look up to the “bureaucratic powerhouse of the EU” as it was unable to cope with recent crises. ++ There is an essential link between the countries’ different need for economic growth and strongly varying demographic expectancies. ++ In order to maintain living standards, “America’s… emphasis
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Europe’s outdated ideology led to the low voter turnout at the EU Parliamentary elections. ++ “Today, people don’t care about the European Union.” ++ Citizens must be reminded of the actual balance of power between their nation state and the EU as well as the failure of other peace treaties before this long period of peace. ++ The EU has to become more transparent and find its cultural borders.
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Everyone is familiar with the idea of a “wide
Atlantic” and the alleged fundamental differences between the US and Europe:
the Americans believe in the unbridled free market, while the Europeans only
accept it against their will and try to curtail its excesses; true social
policy exists only in Europe; lack of universal health insurance in the US
causes many to die young or spend the
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The US and the EU must take a coordinated approach when trying to bring around reform in “Europe’s last dictatorship,” Belarus, which will be a slow and tough process. ++ The US should consider lifting sanctions only on the basis of strict conditionality. ++ Belarus must be pressured to have more independent media, to investigate the cases of missing dissidents, and to end the practice of jailing
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In order to achieve the best returns for donor taxpayers and aid recipients, African aid should focus on infrastructure, regional integration, education and health. ++ Regional integration would help African countries compete in the global market - just as the EU helps the economies of its member states. ++ Africa needs to integrate its economies and open its borders internally. ++ Development
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While
Western Europe is slowly beginning to view the
future once again with optimism, the crisis still has a tight grip on the East.
Multiple Eastern European countries are sinking deeper into recession, the
export market with the West is broken, and banks are on the brink due to
excessive indebtedness and falling exchange rates. The effects thereof are felt
in Western Europe as well. It is
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The global community is slowly realizing the magnitude of the dangers the current problems Pakistan and Afghanistan carry for the world. ++ France has taken an active role, “committed to contributing its full weight to help settle these conflicts.” ++ Efforts to stabilize Afghanistan will fail if Pakistan does not participate fully in the fight against terrorism. ++ The solution
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A switch is occurring in US-Polish relations. ++ With two wars and the unpopular missile defense proposal, the US is increasingly seen as an uncomfortable, rather than essential security partner. ++ Public opinion is turning to the more cozy neighbor, the EU. ++ Still, this may very well be the strength of new relations with the US, if Poland learns to market its agenda to resonate with the
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Is de-globalization the magic solution to escape the economic crisis? No, it would be the biggest mistake. ++ Protectionism and nationalism are false friends and, as history has proven, responsible for poverty and conflicts. ++ What we need is a new regulating framework based on ethical principles with the mantra “liberty, responsibility, solidarity.” ++ As the most advanced example of
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The collapse of Topolanek’s government is bad news for the EU. ++ His defeat is a victory for the Eurosceptic President Klaus and the detractors of the Lisbon Treaty. ++ Topolanek now has no means to apply pressure on the several Eurosceptics amongst his party to ratify the Lisbon Treaty when it is most needed. ++ One year after the “no” vote of the referendum, the majority of the Irish seem to
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The liberalization paradigm, mantra of Eastern Europe in the 90s that aimed to speed up the integration process, is being questioned as the region is devastated by the economic crisis. ++ Old Europe had better help these new member states through measures such as contributions of loans and economic surveillance. ++ Mishandling the crisis would be detrimental for the whole European continent and
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Sarkozy’s decision to rejoin NATO’s military command is the wrong response to the new era Obama has ushered in. ++ NATO remains an organization designed for the Cold War era without the legitimacy to take on a universal role. ++ Sarkozy is sending out a signal that France wishes to remain part of the “western family,” locked in a defensive mindset of yesteryear. ++
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Japan’s experience in the 1990s is no longer seen simply as a terrible recession but has become an example of how to recover from the current financial crisis. ++ What conclusions can be drawn to rescue our economies? ++ The balance-sheet deflation inside the US is far shallower than in Japan in the 1990s, but the global implications of the current crisis are far greater. ++ The US will not be
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The motor force behind the development of the EU has been economic interdependence and the creation of a common internal market. ++ If member states respond to the crisis by putting their national interest first, measures like state aid — especially banking and automotive industries — will upset the workings of the internal market and put European prosperity at risk. ++ The review process of
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When will people start to understand that immigrants are vital for a functioning economy and kicking them out of Britain would mean depriving people of doctors, nurses, teachers and so forth? ++ In addition, immigrants don’t just take national jobs, they also create them by spending in shops and making the economy run. ++ Free movement of labor is one of the legal requirements of EU membership.
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Annette Heuser is executive director of the Bertelsmann Foundation Washington DC, a private, nonpartisan operating foundation, working to promote and strengthen transatlantic cooperation. Before launching the Bertelsman
Foundation in Washington DC, Ms. Heuser served in the corporate sector as Vice President of
International Relations at Bertelsmann AG in Guetersloh, Germany, and as the
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Developments in Turkey since AKP’s accession to power in 2002 are seriously compromising the special relation between Ankara and the West. ++ Activities at both the domestic — discrimination against women — and international level — rapprochement with Iran — are alarming. ++ Antisemitism is also rising: the “Jewish community is being threatened: businesses are being boycotted, and instances
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Last year
125 vessels were attacked by Somali pirates in the Gulf of
Aden, one third of which were successfully boarded. Among them was
a hijacked Saudi super tanker laden with oil and a Ukrainian ship carrying 33
Russian armoured vehicles. Both incidents intensified international concern
over the possible capture of more “sensitive cargo,” such as radioactive
material The Somali pirates
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The economic and political divisions between a “hard core” Northern Europe and a crumbling South are re-emerging in the midst of the economic crisis. ++ Euroskeptics argue that this will eventually lead to a departure of the “South” from the Eurozone, whilst europhiles predict that it will produce an even “wider euro area assuming the debts of the weaker nations.” ++ The
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There can be little doubt that Obama will work hard to remove the bitter taste which his predecessor left in European mouths and embrace the continent in dialog. ++ Making this a successful reality is the responsibility of Europe. ++ It must overcome its penchant for disunion, it must not allow itself to be hindered by its more fainthearted members and it must proactively enter discussions over
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Granted: times are difficult for Obama to take the lead and in his hands lies a combination of high expectations and hope. ++ The US and Europe ought to continue working together and some key ingredients ought to accompany their responses to global challenges: multilateralism, ruled based diplomacy, legitimacy, and centrality of leadership when moments of crisis arise. ++ This last point is
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The two-week gas war between Ukraine and Russia was only partly about money. ++ Russia wanted to split the Ukrainian leadership, where support for leader President Yushchenko has fallen to 5%. ++ PM Tymoshenko has also been weakened, as she faces responsibility for the financial downturn. ++ President Putin miscalculated: Russian pressure has unified pro-western Ukrainians, as the EU refused to
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Is the massive reconstruction aid currently being sent by Europe to the Middle East mere compensation for having been unable to prevent the recent Gaza War? ++ If the Palestinians lived in their own state, they wouldn’t need humanitarian aid. ++ “By not recognizing a freely elected Palestinian government, Europe has actively undermined the creation of one.” ++ Preventing the Palestinian people
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Unity in responding to the economic crisis and unity when negotiating a new PCA with Russia is the mantra of the Czech Republic, current holder of the EU Presidency. ++ It is time for skeptics who fear new members’ commitment towards the EU to put their worries away. ++ Neither the recency of membership nor the communist past are preventing them from pursuing European interests. ++ Standing
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Heavily dependent on Russian gas, the EU has found itself obliged to arbitrate the Russian-Ukranian dispute in order to see its supplies maintained. ++ The difficultly reached agreement under the Czech presidency of the EU, which paves the way for the resumption of Russian gas supplies to Europe, has, however, failed to find a definitive solution on the gas prices. ++ As a consequence, the deal
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2009 will be a challenging year for EMU and Franco-German relations regarding which economic policies to adopt. ++ The two countries traditionally differ on their stance vis à vis the role of the ECB, namely its degree of independence. ++ The French have often accused their neighbor of gleaning “unfair economic advantage from the EU.” ++ Criticism has risen under Sarkozy and culminated
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Last week’s UN climate conference at Poznan made it clearer than ever that 2009 will be a crucial year in sealing the fate of the planet. ++ The participants showed an egoism and lack of generosity which is particularly incomprehensible in view of the enormous bail-outs which Western governments have granted their banks. ++ The Copenhagen conference in a year’s time will define the
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Over the last year Turkey has accomplished more in the Middle East than the entire transatlantic contingent. ++ Last week Erdogan negotiated with the Afghan and Pakistani presidents over economic projects, in which both countries are interested. ++ The Turkish Parliament is not only preparing further projects in the Gaza strip, but is also promoting talks between Israel and Syria regarding the
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Last week Ban Ki-Moon asked European leaders to intervene in DR Congo, admitting the failure of the peacekeeping mission. ++ The collapse of the Congolese army has led to mass killings and rapes. ++ The EU must take action in Congo as there are “good political as well as human rights reasons why stopping mass rape should be the platform for this intervention.” ++ Immediate pressure
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The myth of decoupled markets is all but shattered. ++ Asian countries, especially China, who benefited from trade imbalances and western overconsumption, will have difficulty adjusting. ++ In reaction to these new economic conditions trade deficit countries could absorb the production imbalance through government spending; trade surplus countries could attempt to increase domestic consumption to
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German Chancellor Angela Merkel and her economic officials are standing in the way of a much-needed rescue plan for the EU’s economic woes. ++ “If there is to be a rescue of the European economy, Merkel wants no part of it, telling a party meeting that ‘we’re not going to participate in this senseless race for billions.’” ++ Due to its economic integration, a coordinated EU response is the
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A battle over ex-Soviet republics is taking place between Brussels and Moscow. ++ This quarrel is the subtext to the laborious negotiations over Ukraine and Georgia joining NATO and the EU. ++ The EU has shown a clear desire for greater “association” with its neighbors but refuses to start real talks for fear of angering Russia. ++ A European presence in the region is necessary to
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We now have an opportunity for a world government - a global currency, supreme court, law, civil service, and military force, as in the EU, is possible. ++ Global warming, the financial crisis and the war on terror offer reasons for such global governance. ++ China and the US are becoming more open to global solutions. ++ Susan Rice, US ambassador to the UN, shows a commitment to international
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The European Central Bank is forecasting annual inflation rates for 2009 at 1.1 to 1.7% and for 2010 at 1.5 to 2.1%. ++ Yet, Interest rates are being cut below these markers. ++ Banking officials claim that “twenty per cent inflation is ultimately not as harmful as 5 per cent deflation.” ++ Buying longer-dated government bonds, adding short-dated securities to balance sheets, and even imposing
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Germany’s increasingly unilateral foreign policies are causing unrest within the EU and Atlantic alliance. ++ The US, UK and France are frustrated by Berlin’s reluctance to impose sanctions on Iran as well as its limited efforts in Afghanistan. ++ The impending election is a partial explanation for this refusal to engage in bold policies. ++ The generational shift means that
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Europe may well come to regret the multilateralism it has been longing for from the US now that it is finally on the horizon. ++ European responses are uncertain should Obama call for funds, troops, and solidarity. ++ The EU should show willingness to intervene in the Congo. ++ Privileged European voting rights in the IMF should be rescinded to better reflect global GDP. ++ By putting into
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Germany’s persistent boycott of a coordinated European response to the economic crisis has serious implications both nationally and for the EU. ++ There will be no decision about a German stimulus package until February 2009 at the earliest – clearly too late. ++ Chancellor Merkel and Finance Minister Steinbrück are heading for a self-made depression. ++ The correct response would be
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The most pressing moral issue the next US administration will have to face, is the genocide that is taking place in Dafur. ++ The International Criminial Court is likely to issue a warrant for arresting Sudan’s president, al-Bashir, “charging him with crimes against humanity and genocide in Darfur.” ++ President-elect Obama should support the legitimacy of the ICC and provide
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Pirates – that ancient breed of scoundrel, romanticized and glorified, yet wretched and rotten – have made a name for themselves off Somali coasts. ++ Many, it turns out, are simply trying to make a living for themselves. ++ While their exploits have become renowned, drawing in over $30 million in ransom fees so far this year, a little known fact remains: over $300 million a year in
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To answer the G20’s calls for budgetary stimulus, Europe needs a three-part recovery program. ++ EU member states must pledge to equally share the burden of recovery. ++ Because many countries will exceed EU deficit limits, budgetary boosts need to be accompanied by an agreement to strengthen the EU’s fiscal framework. ++ Member states should make a commitment to avoid borrowing at
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This weekend’s G20 summit was a mixed bag: Obama did not attend, lame-duck Bush cannot make any serious commitments, and yet, the G20 may be jockeying its way into an important position. ++ National governments promised to focus on macroeconomic coordination, and regulatory standards via the IMF or Financial Stability Forum (FSF). ++ “It would be good if Saturday’s declaration proved to be the
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On Friday the EU and Russia met to discuss the state of economic cooperation. ++ Russian troops still remain in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, hindering Georgians from returning home. ++ Upcoming talks between Russia and Georgia do not seem promising. ++ By removing sanctions from Russia, the EU has put itself into an inferior position. ++ Postponing economic accords might be an effective way of
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Operations in Afghanistan are hamstrung by limitations placed on forces from different nations. ++ Many willing to provide troops lack money or have political constraints. ++ Soldiers are needed not only on the battlefield but also to train security forces, yet “our own security toolbox must be equipped with more than just hammers.” ++ Coordination with EU, NGOs and Afghan government is needed,
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The EU and Russia will meet for an annual meeting, focusing on the renewal of their partnership agreement. ++ Since the attacks on Georgia, EU-Russian relations have been shattered. ++ Europeans will not accept a divided Georgia. ++ The EU will have to be open to compromise, considering its dependency on Russian energy, but Russia will also have to make concessions in view of its dependency on
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French President Sarkozy is rushing on with demands for the upcoming G20-meeting, at the expense of diplomacy. ++ His harsh call for multilateral action, blaming Wall Street for the crisis, is explained by a feeling of support from public opinion in Europe. ++ However, the crisis was not fabricated only in the US; Europe’s structures have their own faults. ++ Sensible targets for the summit would
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Actions undertaken by governments and central banks won’t be able to adress the financial crisis as other huge risks are threatening the financial system. ++ The world has benefited from over-consuming America, but the “US engine of growth” can’t be replaced by Asia, pushing the EU into a depression. ++ There is a need for macroeconomic and fiscal coordination at the EU
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Nicolas Sarkozy wishes to remain “president of the eurozone” for another year. ++ Chances are this coup will work, given the current situation. ++ The financial turmoil will likely require another eurozone summit meeting to address lingering problems; existing bank recapitalization plans need revision on a European level; Germany’s push for minimal eurozone intervention is not nearly as popular
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High-carbon growth must be limited to avoid a climate disaster and prevent a dangerous global transformation - population movements and conflicts. ++ World emissions must be cut by 50% by 2050. ++ Investments in low-carbon infrastructure will likely average $1 trillion a year over next century and allow for a safer environment. ++ The EU and the UN must “sustain a price for carbon, by use
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Crying to re-found democratic capitalism and create a new global economic order, world leaders are simply trying to divert attention away from their own helplessness and cover the confusion they have been thrown into by a crisis they failed to predict and prevent. ++ These are empty political platitudes – there will be no revolution. ++ The creation of a global financial market watchdog is
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National governments of the EU have dealt with the financial crisis, ignoring the power of EU institutions. ++ State aid laws have been neglected aiming to “prevent EU governments from subsidising national companies.” ++ President Sarkozy is calling for tighter “supervision of the international banking systems” and for a “crackdown on international tax havens”
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The financial crash will have serious geopolitical consequences. ++ Russia will reassert itself as a global player. ++ As its stock market does not play as crucial a role as in Western markets, and as Russia has a lot of money due to the boom in oil and natural gas markets, it will be the greatest winner in the aftermath of the crisis. ++ The US will also, in the long run, gain as the crisis will
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It’s tempting to use the economic slowdown as an excuse to dodge ambitious declarations for cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. ++ We mustn’t forget that our current economic problems are small compared to the possible long-term consequences of unchecked global warming. ++ The EU should lead the way; it if introduces an aggressive climate plan it will pressure the rest of the world
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Russia’s invasion of Georgia is not an aberration - it demonstrates a pattern of aggression, one that now threatens Ukraine as Moscow embraces PM Yulia Tymoshenko. ++ Russia’s relations with Tehran, Syria, OPEC and most recently Venezuela all threaten US interests. ++ Western weakness, especially in Europe, is not an option. ++ Georgia and Ukraine must be brought into NATO; military cooperation
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The Brown-Darling rescue package for British banks not only provided a template to follow for the rest of the EU, but was also adopted by the US. ++ The British PM did not rest on his laurels and is leading international action even further by calling for reform of global financial institutions like the IMF. ++ This crisis has had one positive outcome: Europeans finally have their act together.
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Viktor Yuschenko, president of Ukraine, has called for another parliamentary election in hopes of settling internal divisions symbolized largely by Ukraine’s leading three politicians - Yuschenko, Tymoshenko, and Yanukovich. ++ This must be a Ukrainian election for Ukrainians. ++ Both Russia and the US (NATO) must keep their hands off. ++ Instead the EU should make Ukraine’s membership in the
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Global commerce has dramatically changed in the last fifteen years. The opening of new markets, growing competition, and the struggle for attracting the world’s brightest minds are all responsible for such a change. On the basis of substantial evidence from Germany and Austria, Dalia Marin shows the two manners in which companies in Europe have reacted to this development:
Restructuring of
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When it comes to the economy, the West and China are becoming more and more alike. ++ The Chinese are moving towards private ownership and crave the kind of dynamism that only a capitalist system can provide. ++ Western economies, on the other hand, are only capitalist in name. ++ They don’t trust the free market anymore; they want a safety net in case of an economic slowdowns or crunches,
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Europe has a plan to bail out the banking system, but it might be hard to convince European taxpayers to pick up the bill. ++ In reality gross debt will increase, not taxpayer debt, and by saving banks we save million of jobs - yet strong opposition from national parliaments is still likely. ++ To convince taxpayers, leaders in Europe must do three things: punish banks and bankers by increasing
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Moscow’s recognition of South Ossetia and Abkhazia does not correlate with universal approval, and an international dialogue concerning the status of Georgia is set to begin. ++ Europe has proven itself too dissolute to confront Russia openly: Sarkozy has advocated global mediation, emphasizing Georgia’s weakness, and Merkel speaks of “Georgia’s core territory,” nearly cow-towing to the Russian
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Gordon Brown and Alistair Darling “have shown us the way through this financial crisis.” ++ The British Prime Minister and his officials lead the world in assessing the financial crisis and quickly enacting an apt solution. ++ The problem: lack of capital in the banking system; Brown’s solution: equity injections, a type of temporary nationalization, with the first commitment of funds coming to
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The current breakdown in financial markets is driven by unjustified panic. ++ Restoring confidence in the financial systems should be the priority for American and European governments. ++ EU countries should offer a time-limited guarantee of the liabilities of the most systemically important institutions. ++ Coordination on how to proceed is necessary if banking systems are to reemerge healthy
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Despite the success of some initial bank bailouts granted by the EU, such as Fortis, Europe is still short of an overall financial strategy. ++ Three things are needed: first, money to recapitalize the banking sector; second, a semi-permanent EU crisis committee to make financial decisions; and third, clear rules indicating when to recapitalize. ++ Sarkozy was right to support a EUR 300 billion
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It’s a critical question: Is the financial crisis on Wall Street going to damage the US’s image of good finance and business expertise? ++ Actually, the answer is no. ++ The image of the US from a global perspective is still strong, and the US is for many “a beacon of free enterprise.” ++ There is no other financial leader who could replace the US - Europe is divided, while Russia and China have
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The EU’s plan to reward Syria with an “Association Agreement” is worrisome for several reasons. ++ Damascus not only sponsors Hezbollah and Hamas, it also follows Iran’s approach to nuclear weapons in spite of its commitment to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. ++ “European leaders should cease all further action toward an Association Agreement.” ++ If the EU ignores the lesson of inaction,
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If Russia is to believe that the anti-missile base in Poland will not be used against it, US and its allies have to stop making “cosmetic political gestures” and give concrete guarantees. ++ Statements about Kremlin’s imperialist policies are unfair; Russia has always sided with the weaker and, like always, its moral rightness is undisputed. ++ Moscow doesn’t fear isolation, as
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In reality there are no means by which to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels before 2050. ++ Therefore, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) stations are needed to control the amount of carbon that is emitted into the atmosphere. ++ The Group of Eight has endorsed this approach and must now act by building 10 to 20 such stations to test which methods are most secure and effective. ++ Britain must
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A poll revealed that Americans and Europeans were troubled over the growing power of Russia even before the attack on Georgia. ++ Respondents in Europe and the US were united in concern about the Kremlin providing weapons to the Middle East, Russia’s energy monopoly, and its behavior toward its neighbors. ++ What they don’t agree upon is how to respond to the Kremlin’s new assertiveness;
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International organizations are stretched to their limits and need reform. ++ NATO struggles to produce an effective strategy in Afghanistan, UN peacekeepers are dispersed over the globe, and the EU can only offer fledgling military support in any operation. ++ Yet, the EU and UN are in the best position to lead the much-needed reform of international organizations. ++ The UN has a critical
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While some have argued that the recent summit in Brussels proved ineffective, the Georgia crisis has actually drawn the member states closer together. ++ As Europe proceeds, there are important objectives to keep in mind. ++ Europe must focus on energy security and limit its dependence on Russian supplies. ++ Accession must be a viable option for eastern countries, especially Ukraine. ++ And
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Ukraine is approaching its third election in two years, a sign of its government’s volatility. ++ In response, the EU should put Ukraine on a clear road to accession, an albeit controversial move that is nevertheless in its vital interest. ++ Furthermore, the EU must invest economically in Ukraine, thereby bringing stability and growth to a region that could otherwise fall prey to the divisive
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Despite the call for sanctions on Russia from Poland and the three Baltic states, the only agreement the EU made was to postpone talks about a partnership agreement with Moscow. ++ Medvedev praised the EU’s decision to reject sanctioning Russia, but was disappointed about the EU’s inability to understand Russia’s motives in the Caucasus war. ++ The US welcomed the EU’s decision to boost efforts
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Conflict in Georgia proved that Russia isn’t and doesn’t want to be a part of Europe. ++ Moscow rejects European commitment to nonviolent methods of conflict resolution and shows little appreciation for equality of nations, which is a fundamental principle on the Old Continent. ++ Kremlin trusts in the “hierarchy of raw power.” ++ This mindset is anachronistic for the 21st century and
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EU efforts to reach a friendly and mutually beneficial relationship with Russia are thwarted by the new eastern and central European EU members. ++ These countries, in contrast to old members, failed to leave past enmities at the door when joining the Union and can only view Russia through the prism of their bitter historic experience.++ Jacque Chirac’s warnings about EU enlargement now appear
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Croatia is witnessing a rehabilitation of the fascist ideology and unfortunately legal institutions are unwilling to take action. ++ Even more alarming is that there are also politicians who do not distance themselves from the fascist past. ++ Currently, the country discusses if a new law should be enforced to prohibit the inciting of national hatred, but the legislation will not change the
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The agenda for cooperation with Russia looks doubtful but safe havens for cooperation still exist. ++ For instance, the entire civil and military nuclear agenda opens room for diplomacy. ++ However, no single European institution is perfectly suited to working on security arrangements. ++ At this highly charged moment, the best choice may be to turn to the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in
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The crucial question at the upcoming European head of state meeting is about the right of self-determination in the context of the Caucasus crises. ++ EU foreign policy towards Kosovo indicates that it is an advocate of self-determination; however, there may be some who emphasize the inviolability of borders, thereby giving a hazardous guarantee to the Georgian government. ++ The tiny difference
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Russia’s invasion is not only a threat to Georgia, it also questions the political order and values of Europe. ++ With American help, the EU has become “one of the greatest strategic achievements of the 20th century.” ++ But now the Russian aggression is drawing a dividing line through Europe and separates the truly independent nations from those which are stuck on Russia’s autocratic
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The conflict in South Ossetia is one of many explosive ethnic disputes in the region. ++ These are especially dangerous because of the absence of a superior security pact. ++ Therefore, the best way to enhance the security situation would be if the European Union, Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and the US agreed on a pact which would create a nonaligned and neutral Caucasus. ++ This would
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The reemergence of autocracy and great-power politics questions the stability of the international liberal order. ++ Unfortunately, Europe’s postmodern tools of foreign policy are not able to counter Russia in the latest conflict between liberal democracy and autocracy. ++ Facing the rise of great-power autocracies, democracies turn back in the direction of the US. ++ Despite predictions of
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The EU can be proud of achieving a cease-fire between Russia and Georgia. ++ The Caucasus crisis has shown that the EU is able to create a space for diplomacy in order to resolve international conflicts. ++ Much remains to be done if the situation is to be stabilized in the long run but so far the EU has risen to the occasion. ++ Europe made Russia listen by choosing “action and negotiation over
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Two of the EU’s key assumptions towards Russia have been proven wrong: firstly, Russia obviously does not share the Western values and secondly, Russia does not oppose Iran going nuclear. ++ Moscow can assume that a nuclear Iran will hurt Western interests more than Russian and will shape balance of power favorably for Russia. ++ Yet, there is still a chance for the EU to pressure Iran through
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The EU’s attempt to develop a European Security and Defense Policy doesn’t mean it will compete with NATO. ++ Instead, NATO and EU complement each other. ++ Some countries in Africa or the Middle East would rather ask the EU for assistance. ++ On the other hand, NATO has the better capacities to manage certain long-term crises, e.g., when provoked by terrorism. ++ Military resources are only one
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For democracy in Georgia to last, Georgians need to feel we have their backs; the West must impose tough economic and diplomatic sanctions on Russia. ++ This conflict demonstrates impotency of the global security order. ++ The West must show Russia it has a greater capacity to sustain a hypothetical new Cold War. ++ It is crucial that the EU breaks the Russian stranglehold on Europe’s
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In times when there is no overbearing enemy, the transatlantic alliance is challenged by the geopolitical interests of each partner, which differ from one another. ++ For instance, the EU needs good relations with Russia and the Muslim world because they border on its territory and supply its energy demands, but these protagonists oppose the US hegemonic global pretensions. ++ Balancing the
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Despite the EU’s claim to be the continent of human rights, immigrants are being mistreated in Spain and Italy. ++ Furthermore, the EU strengthens efforts to close its borders and approved a “return directive,” which allows governments to detain unauthorised migrants for up to 18 months. ++ The EU must to recognize the fact that not every undocumented migrant is a criminal and it needs these
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EU realizes it is time to solve the festering conflicts in the Union’s new neighborhood: Abkhazia and South Ossetia. ++ But Moscow has an interest in preserving this “simmering status quo” and delays anything that could resolve the duel as it helps to achieve the goal of keeping Georgia out of NATO. ++ The key to resolution is for the EU to convince Kremlin that peace and stability on
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Food security is increasingly an issue in many parts of the developing world. ++ In countries that are net importers of food, e.g. Egypt or the Philippines, soaring prices lead to economic and political crises. ++ To help solve the problem the EU should increase its output: abandon restraints on production, review plans to switch land from food to biofuels, and increase expenditure on food
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The relations between Russia and the EU are shaped by mistrust which poses a threat to trade and investment between both regions. ++ Although they still rely on each other economically - especially Russia whose economy depends on oil and gas exports - EU-Russian trade finds itself in an impasse. ++ Russia must diversify its business and reduce state-control. ++ Moscow and Brussels have to work
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The extradition of Karadzic was hailed as a watershed in the relations between the EU and Serbia but great challenges still lie ahead. ++ It is important that the EU now shows its support by implementing the recently signed Stabilisation and Association Agreement, giving Serbia a candidate status, and including it in the Schengen zone. ++ Bringing Serbia closer to Europe could begin an
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Last week Turkey narrowly averted a catastrophe when its Constitutional Court turned back state prosecutors’ motion to disband the ruling Justice and Development Party by only one vote. ++ Had the prosecutor succeeded in his request the will of Turkish voters would have been disregarded and Turkey’s chances for EU membership ruined. ++ Such a ruling was a victory not only for Turkey, but
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Tomorrow China’s new antimonopoly law takes effect. ++ At a formal level, it is comparable to the laws in the US and the EU, but its implementation will not be as simple. ++ The US encourages competition in the marketplace; EU, on the other hand, strives to keep booming businesses from being too successful - Chinese law resembles the European system. ++ Moreover, the formulated goals such as the
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The global trade negotiations known as the Doha Round broke up yesterday without an agreement. ++ Despite expectations of a new international plan to cut tariffs, members of the WTO proved themselves unready for such a deal. ++ While the US and the EU had made some concessions on farm supports, India and China essentially torpedoed the talks asserting a broad right to raise tariffs to protect
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America declares it stands up for human rights; it condemns the regime in Burma and calls for fair democratic elections in Zimbabwe. ++ However, it is doing so only where it is convenient: human rights infringements in China and Saudi Arabia or the fact that Dmitri Medvedev came to power in fraudulent elections are overlooked. ++ The hypocrisy of condemning one and turning a blind eye to the
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It has to be said out loud that the EU project will not be complete as long as all Balkan countries are not allowed to join: letting in Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Bosnia, Kosovo and Albania is crucial for progress and peace on the continent. ++ The EU states cannot leave these countries “dangling in a pit of constant evasion” and must finally give this process a momentum to match
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The arrest of the Bosnian Serb leader, political mastermind of the Bosnian genocide, Radovan Karadzic on charges of war crimes is a clear indication that ultranationalists no longer speak for Serbia ++ The decision to abide by the EU’s requirement that Serbia extradites Karadzic so that he can be tried at the international war crimes court in The Hague, has shown the new president Boris
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Despite a controversial relationship to the media, opposition to Turkish EU membership, and waning popularity at home, Sarkozy in all his recklessness is a positive force for France and for Europe. ++ The president has transformed France’s foreign relations turning it into a credible ally and intermediary. ++ Rapprochement with the US and Israel has brought independence to France and cohesiveness
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Ireland’s “No” vote primed the way for the EU to leave “the world stage as a serious foreign policy player for at least ten years.” ++ While the EU will continue to exist, it will not have the strength to determine its own fate or act with a united European foreign policy. ++ Small and medium sized EU members will loose global influence and EU enlargement will be delayed or stopped. ++ Rather
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Given inevitable economic and demographic shifts, European countries will not be able to remain agenda setters in the global system, unless they cooperate more effectively and speak with one voice. ++ Despite Ireland’s vote against the Lisbon Treaty, EU policy makers must continue to work towards EU reform. ++ A minimalist option is to improve the EU’s foreign policy instruments through Council
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Europe has come a long way since the Middle Ages and especially over the last 50 years. ++ The Lisbon Treaty merged all treaties and conventions of the long European construction into a single body, defining and rationalizing the Union and its bureaucracy. ++ In order to exorcise it, governments need to explain the treaty to their electorate and fill the void of education. ++ Eventually, “logic
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The EU will likely find a way to implement the Lisbon treaty despite Ireland’s failure to ratify the document. ++ France and Germany have already indicated their willingness to “drive the Irish out of the EU if they fail to reverse their No vote.” ++ As long as the treaty avoids further defeats in the eight countries that have yet to ratify it, then the EU could exert unbearable pressure on
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Global issues, such as proliferation, energy security, diseases, and terrorism are not disparate and unconnected, and cannot be settled unilaterally. ++ “Practical multilateralism is a strategic necessity, not a liberal nicety.” ++ The UN Security Council needs to adopt permanent members such as India, Brazil, and South Africa. ++ “Treaty-based-action” should convert the UN into the legalizer
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While enjoying a security the post-Cold War period has afforded it, Europeans are becoming rhetorically more critical of their American protectors and militarily less willing to engage security threats around the globe. ++ A conventional response may warn that this attitude is short-sighted and immoral, however, Gideon Rachman says it might just be logical. ++ Albeit a lack of hard-power options
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The recent victory in Serbian parliamentary elections by President Boris Tadic’s pro-EU alliance was not as decisive as he would like to have the world believe. ++ In order to form a government he is likely to have to form a coalition with the eurosceptic Socialists, formerly the party of Slobodan Milosevic. ++ This would not only give him less space to maneuver with regard to EU accession and
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Russia is increasing military means in Georgia that show striking parallels with Turkish occupation of northern Cyprus. ++ NATO members argue Georgia’s state of democratization needs to improve before they are willing to risk souring relations with Russia, but it is overlooked that much more is at stake here. ++ Despite EU and NATO bureaucratic considerations, Western help in general is
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The idea of a Baltic-to-the-Black-Sea Union is a little noticed result of the last European Council meeting. ++ Since the French president proposed a Mediterranean Union for EU and non-EU countries around that sea, the Polish premier minister agued that in this case the East-European states should get the chance to act as a block that includes Georgia and Ukraine. ++ Although some countries
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The EU has been successful in promoting democracy among the states that aspire to join. ++ Given this success, Europeans should work to promote liberal democracy beyond Europe’s borders. ++ The EU must agree on what it wants to do and how it defines democracy, which can be best accomplished through a European consensus on democracy. ++ A shared EU approach rather than a single policy would be a
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The EU’s treatment of Turkish democracy is “more functional and opportunistic than principled.” ++ In its recent condemnation of the Turkish judiciary, the EU wrongly interpreted secularism as a threat to democracy while simultaneously disregarding the rule of law, separation of powers, and independence of the judiciary. ++ Accession negotiations and pulling Turkey toward the EU are more
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The traditional role of the state in Europe is diminished, therefore the capacity of EU governments to ask their people for sacrifices is reduced. ++ As the debate over using NATO forces in Afghanistan showed, EU governments are not able to live up to their obligations. ++ The European disillusionment with US policies has structural reasons and will continue after Bush’s presidency.
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The fact that the US and the EU are now responsible for under 30% of world exports indicates a decline of primacy. ++ Discussions held by the elites at the Brussels Forum highlighted the need for a closer transatlantic partnership when dealing with new global “state and nonstate threats”. ++ Internal discord in the EU and the US is hindering the focus on external common interests.
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With unilateral pull-outs of the Afghan mission threatening NATO’s existence, Europe’s security is also at risk. ++ EU members lack consensus both on matters of foreign policy and regarding a role for NATO in the future. ++ As a global security actor, the EU should bolster its military capabilities, drop its idealism, and commit itself to real objectives in Sudan, Afghanistan, and Kosovo.
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Lukashenko requires economic stability to maintain his power and popularity. ++ With Russia threatening to double once again the price of natural gas imports to the country, the president has been forced to take liberal measures and expects the EU in return to ease restrictions. ++ Engaging in Belarus is now a moral imperative before Russia gets a chance to exert more influence and impose its
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As Afghanistan moves from a transitional to a long-term development framework, an outside authority is needed to direct reconstruction. ++ The Afghan government cannot manage this alone. ++ The country is slipping back into terrorism reminiscent of Taliban rule. ++ The European Union would be the ideal candidate to coordinate between the government, international organisations and the NGOs.
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Kosovo’s declaration of independence is equally one of dependency - but it’s the “least worst” outcome. ++ Europe is pushing for Kosovo to move from protectorate to EU member state, without allowing it to achieve full independence. ++ Kosovo’s independence does not make the region any more unstable. ++ Serbia has a choice: to sulk, or to start working towards reconstruction and the EU.
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Failure to make the most of the Annapolis process would be fatal for both Israel and the international community. ++ The US needs to be “the major responsible supervisor of the negotiation process.” ++ The EU must move beyond its traditional role of paymaster and focus on state building and economic reconstruction in Palestine. ++ The EU must simultaneously demand concrete results from other
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EU member states tend to act autonomously in their relations to Russia. ++ Implementation of EU treaty provisions on common security and foreign policy offers new prospects for EU-Russia cooperation and would be conducive to a partnership focused on solving common global problems. ++ An understanding that a foreign policy consensus is important will also help the relations of individual member
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The geopolitical consequences of climate change are determined as much by political, social and economic factors as by the climatic shift itself. As a rule wealthier countries will be better prepared to cope with the effects of climate change whilst developing countries are least able to do so. For example, an increase in rainfall could be a blessing for a country that can capture, store, and use
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Stryker McGuire laments that the days of real ideological battles between Europe’s major parties are over. Thus, be it in Britain, Denmark, Spain, Portugal or Germany, parties from left and right agree on almost everything, bar some minor petty issues. Yet, while the political center appears to be a good place for any party to find itself in, there appears to be a danger of a virtual one-party
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Improved cooperation between NATO and other organizations is necessary in view of new security requirements, says David Yost, professor at the US Naval Postgraduate School.
A more productive joint performance is needed to work towards common goals such as preventing failed states becoming safe havens for terrorists. Yost therefore welcomes the comprehensive civil-military approach endorsed by
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Jose Ignacio Torreblanca of the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR) criticizes Sarkozy’s proposal of a committee of the wise, to address the future of Europe, but discusses how it might eventually come to be seen as an interesting forum for mobilizing public debate about the future challenges of the EU.
The proposal has been received with skepticism because of fears that it
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Senior Fellow at the Century Foundation Morton Abramowitz calls on EU member states to take a united stand on Martii Ahitissari’s blueprint for Kosovo’s “supervised independence” from Serbia. Even though Ahitissari’s proposal complies with the official EU (as well as US) policy on the issue, a number of European nations were still openly skeptical of challenging a country’s territorial integrity.
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William H. Taft and Frances G. Burwell from the Atlantic Council advise the EU and US to coordinate their positions before the ICC review conference in 2009. The transatlantic partners must set an example for the rest of the world.
With the review conference on the International Criminal Court (ICC) coming up in 2009, a concerted transatlantic effort to build global consensus on international
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